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  <section id="module-pwd">
<span id="pwd-the-password-database"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-pwd" title="pwd: The password database (getpwnam() and friends). (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pwd</span></code></a> — The password database<a class="headerlink" href="#module-pwd" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
<hr class="docutils" />
<p>This module provides access to the Unix user account and password database.  It
is available on all Unix versions.</p>
<div class="availability docutils container">
<p><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">Availability</span></a>: Unix, not Emscripten, not WASI.</p>
</div>
<p>Password database entries are reported as a tuple-like object, whose attributes
correspond to the members of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">passwd</span></code> structure (Attribute field below,
see <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&lt;pwd.h&gt;</span></code>):</p>
<table class="docutils align-default">
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Index</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Attribute</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Meaning</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pw_name</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Login name</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>1</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pw_passwd</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Optional encrypted password</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>2</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pw_uid</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Numerical user ID</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>3</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pw_gid</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Numerical group ID</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>4</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pw_gecos</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>User name or comment field</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>5</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pw_dir</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>User home directory</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>6</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pw_shell</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>User command interpreter</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>The uid and gid items are integers, all others are strings. <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#KeyError" title="KeyError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KeyError</span></code></a> is
raised if the entry asked for cannot be found.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p id="index-0">In traditional Unix the field <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pw_passwd</span></code> usually contains a password
encrypted with a DES derived algorithm (see module <a class="reference internal" href="crypt.html#module-crypt" title="crypt: The crypt() function used to check Unix passwords. (deprecated) (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">crypt</span></code></a>).  However most
modern unices  use a so-called <em>shadow password</em> system.  On those unices the
<em>pw_passwd</em> field only contains an asterisk (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'*'</span></code>) or the  letter <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'x'</span></code>
where the encrypted password is stored in a file <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/etc/shadow</span></code> which is
not world readable.  Whether the <em>pw_passwd</em> field contains anything useful is
system-dependent.  If available, the <a class="reference internal" href="spwd.html#module-spwd" title="spwd: The shadow password database (getspnam() and friends). (deprecated) (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">spwd</span></code></a> module should be used where
access to the encrypted password is required.</p>
</div>
<p>It defines the following items:</p>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="pwd.getpwuid">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">pwd.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">getpwuid</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">uid</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pwd.getpwuid" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the password database entry for the given numeric user ID.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="pwd.getpwnam">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">pwd.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">getpwnam</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pwd.getpwnam" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the password database entry for the given user name.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="pwd.getpwall">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">pwd.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">getpwall</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pwd.getpwall" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return a list of all available password database entries, in arbitrary order.</p>
</dd></dl>

<div class="admonition seealso">
<p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
<dl class="simple">
<dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="grp.html#module-grp" title="grp: The group database (getgrnam() and friends). (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">grp</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>An interface to the group database, similar to this.</p>
</dd>
<dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="spwd.html#module-spwd" title="spwd: The shadow password database (getspnam() and friends). (deprecated) (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">spwd</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>An interface to the shadow password database, similar to this.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</section>

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