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  <section id="module-spwd">
<span id="spwd-the-shadow-password-database"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-spwd" title="spwd: The shadow password database (getspnam() and friends). (deprecated) (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">spwd</span></code></a> — The shadow password database<a class="headerlink" href="#module-spwd" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
<div class="deprecated-removed">
<p><span class="versionmodified">Deprecated since version 3.11, will be removed in version 3.13: </span>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-spwd" title="spwd: The shadow password database (getspnam() and friends). (deprecated) (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">spwd</span></code></a> module is deprecated
(see <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0594/#spwd"><strong>PEP 594</strong></a> for details and alternatives).</p>
</div>
<hr class="docutils" />
<p>This module provides access to the Unix shadow password database. It is
available on various Unix versions.</p>
<div class="availability docutils container">
<p><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">Availability</span></a>: not Emscripten, not WASI.</p>
<p>This module does not work or is not available on WebAssembly platforms
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wasm32-emscripten</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wasm32-wasi</span></code>. See
<a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#wasm-availability"><span class="std std-ref">WebAssembly platforms</span></a> for more information.</p>
</div>
<p>You must have enough privileges to access the shadow password database (this
usually means you have to be root).</p>
<p>Shadow password database entries are reported as a tuple-like object, whose
attributes correspond to the members of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">spwd</span></code> structure (Attribute field
below, see <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&lt;shadow.h&gt;</span></code>):</p>
<table class="docutils align-default">
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Index</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Attribute</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Meaning</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sp_namp</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Login name</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>1</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sp_pwdp</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Encrypted password</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>2</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sp_lstchg</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Date of last change</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>3</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sp_min</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Minimal number of days between
changes</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>4</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sp_max</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Maximum number of days between
changes</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>5</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sp_warn</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Number of days before password
expires to warn user about it</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>6</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sp_inact</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Number of days after password
expires until account is
disabled</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>7</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sp_expire</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Number of days since 1970-01-01
when account expires</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>8</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sp_flag</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Reserved</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>The sp_namp and sp_pwdp items are strings, all others are integers.
<a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#KeyError" title="KeyError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KeyError</span></code></a> is raised if the entry asked for cannot be found.</p>
<p>The following functions are defined:</p>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="spwd.getspnam">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">spwd.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">getspnam</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#spwd.getspnam" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the shadow password database entry for the given user name.</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.6: </span>Raises a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#PermissionError" title="PermissionError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PermissionError</span></code></a> instead of <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#KeyError" title="KeyError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KeyError</span></code></a> if the user
doesn’t have privileges.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="spwd.getspall">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">spwd.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">getspall</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#spwd.getspall" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return a list of all available shadow password database entries, in arbitrary
order.</p>
</dd></dl>

<div class="admonition seealso">
<p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
<dl class="simple">
<dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="grp.html#module-grp" title="grp: The group database (getgrnam() and friends). (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">grp</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>An interface to the group database, similar to this.</p>
</dd>
<dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="pwd.html#module-pwd" title="pwd: The password database (getpwnam() and friends). (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pwd</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>An interface to the normal password database, similar to this.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</section>

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