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These functions compile Python source files in a directory tree. This module can be used to create the cached byte-code files at library installation time, which makes them available for use even by users who don’t have write permission to the library directories.</p> <div class="availability docutils container"> <p><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">Availability</span></a>: not Emscripten, not WASI.</p> <p>This module does not work or is not available on WebAssembly platforms <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wasm32-emscripten</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wasm32-wasi</span></code>. See <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#wasm-availability"><span class="std std-ref">WebAssembly platforms</span></a> for more information.</p> </div> <section id="command-line-use"> <span id="compileall-cli"></span><h2>Command-line use<a class="headerlink" href="#command-line-use" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2> <p>This module can work as a script (using <strong class="program">python -m compileall</strong>) to compile Python sources.</p> <dl class="std option"> <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-compileall-arg-directory"> <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">directory</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"> <span class="pre">...</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-compileall-arg-directory" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-compileall-arg-file"> <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">file</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"> <span class="pre">...</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-compileall-arg-file" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Positional arguments are files to compile or directories that contain source files, traversed recursively. If no argument is given, behave as if the command line was <code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-l</span> <em><span class="pre"><directories</span> <span class="pre">from</span> <span class="pre">sys.path></span></em></code>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="std option"> <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-compileall-l"> <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-l</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-compileall-l" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Do not recurse into subdirectories, only compile source code files directly contained in the named or implied directories.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="std option"> <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-compileall-f"> <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-f</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-compileall-f" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Force rebuild even if timestamps are up-to-date.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="std option"> <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-compileall-q"> <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-q</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-compileall-q" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Do not print the list of files compiled. If passed once, error messages will still be printed. If passed twice (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-qq</span></code>), all output is suppressed.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="std option"> <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-compileall-d"> <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-d</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"> <span class="pre">destdir</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-compileall-d" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Directory prepended to the path to each file being compiled. This will appear in compilation time tracebacks, and is also compiled in to the byte-code file, where it will be used in tracebacks and other messages in cases where the source file does not exist at the time the byte-code file is executed.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="std option"> <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-compileall-s"> <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-s</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"> <span class="pre">strip_prefix</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-compileall-s" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd></dd></dl> <dl class="std option"> <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-compileall-p"> <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-p</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"> <span class="pre">prepend_prefix</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-compileall-p" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Remove (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-s</span></code>) or append (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-p</span></code>) the given prefix of paths recorded in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.pyc</span></code> files. Cannot be combined with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-d</span></code>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="std option"> <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-compileall-x"> <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-x</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"> <span class="pre">regex</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-compileall-x" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>regex is used to search the full path to each file considered for compilation, and if the regex produces a match, the file is skipped.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="std option"> <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-compileall-i"> <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-i</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"> <span class="pre">list</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-compileall-i" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Read the file <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">list</span></code> and add each line that it contains to the list of files and directories to compile. If <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">list</span></code> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-</span></code>, read lines from <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">stdin</span></code>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="std option"> <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-compileall-b"> <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-b</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-compileall-b" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Write the byte-code files to their legacy locations and names, which may overwrite byte-code files created by another version of Python. The default is to write files to their <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://peps.python.org/pep-3147/"><strong>PEP 3147</strong></a> locations and names, which allows byte-code files from multiple versions of Python to coexist.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="std option"> <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-compileall-r"> <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-r</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-compileall-r" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Control the maximum recursion level for subdirectories. If this is given, then <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-l</span></code> option will not be taken into account. <strong class="program">python -m compileall <directory> -r 0</strong> is equivalent to <strong class="program">python -m compileall <directory> -l</strong>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="std option"> <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-compileall-j"> <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-j</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"> <span class="pre">N</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-compileall-j" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Use <em>N</em> workers to compile the files within the given directory. If <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> is used, then the result of <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.cpu_count" title="os.cpu_count"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.cpu_count()</span></code></a> will be used.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="std option"> <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-compileall-invalidation-mode"> <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">--invalidation-mode</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"> <span class="pre">[timestamp|checked-hash|unchecked-hash]</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-compileall-invalidation-mode" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Control how the generated byte-code files are invalidated at runtime. The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timestamp</span></code> value, means that <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.pyc</span></code> files with the source timestamp and size embedded will be generated. The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">checked-hash</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unchecked-hash</span></code> values cause hash-based pycs to be generated. Hash-based pycs embed a hash of the source file contents rather than a timestamp. See <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/import.html#pyc-invalidation"><span class="std std-ref">Cached bytecode invalidation</span></a> for more information on how Python validates bytecode cache files at runtime. The default is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timestamp</span></code> if the <span class="target" id="index-1"></span><code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH</span></code> environment variable is not set, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">checked-hash</span></code> if the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH</span></code> environment variable is set.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="std option"> <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-compileall-o"> <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-o</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"> <span class="pre">level</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-compileall-o" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Compile with the given optimization level. May be used multiple times to compile for multiple levels at a time (for example, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compileall</span> <span class="pre">-o</span> <span class="pre">1</span> <span class="pre">-o</span> <span class="pre">2</span></code>).</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="std option"> <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-compileall-e"> <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-e</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"> <span class="pre">dir</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-compileall-e" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Ignore symlinks pointing outside the given directory.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="std option"> <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-compileall-hardlink-dupes"> <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">--hardlink-dupes</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-compileall-hardlink-dupes" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>If two <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.pyc</span></code> files with different optimization level have the same content, use hard links to consolidate duplicate files.</p> </dd></dl> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.2: </span>Added the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-i</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-b</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-h</span></code> options.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.5: </span>Added the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-j</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-r</span></code>, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-qq</span></code> options. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-q</span></code> option was changed to a multilevel value. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-b</span></code> will always produce a byte-code file ending in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.pyc</span></code>, never <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.pyo</span></code>.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.7: </span>Added the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--invalidation-mode</span></code> option.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.9: </span>Added the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-s</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-p</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-e</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--hardlink-dupes</span></code> options. Raised the default recursion limit from 10 to <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#sys.getrecursionlimit" title="sys.getrecursionlimit"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.getrecursionlimit()</span></code></a>. Added the possibility to specify the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-o</span></code> option multiple times.</p> </div> <p>There is no command-line option to control the optimization level used by the <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#compile" title="compile"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compile()</span></code></a> function, because the Python interpreter itself already provides the option: <strong class="program">python -O -m compileall</strong>.</p> <p>Similarly, the <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#compile" title="compile"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compile()</span></code></a> function respects the <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#sys.pycache_prefix" title="sys.pycache_prefix"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.pycache_prefix</span></code></a> setting. The generated bytecode cache will only be useful if <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#compile" title="compile"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compile()</span></code></a> is run with the same <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#sys.pycache_prefix" title="sys.pycache_prefix"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.pycache_prefix</span></code></a> (if any) that will be used at runtime.</p> </section> <section id="public-functions"> <h2>Public functions<a class="headerlink" href="#public-functions" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="compileall.compile_dir"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">compileall.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">compile_dir</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">dir</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">maxlevels</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">sys.getrecursionlimit()</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">ddir</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">force</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">rx</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">quiet</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">legacy</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">optimize</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">-1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">workers</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">invalidation_mode</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">*</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">stripdir</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">prependdir</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">limit_sl_dest</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">hardlink_dupes</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#compileall.compile_dir" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Recursively descend the directory tree named by <em>dir</em>, compiling all <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.py</span></code> files along the way. Return a true value if all the files compiled successfully, and a false value otherwise.</p> <p>The <em>maxlevels</em> parameter is used to limit the depth of the recursion; it defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.getrecursionlimit()</span></code>.</p> <p>If <em>ddir</em> is given, it is prepended to the path to each file being compiled for use in compilation time tracebacks, and is also compiled in to the byte-code file, where it will be used in tracebacks and other messages in cases where the source file does not exist at the time the byte-code file is executed.</p> <p>If <em>force</em> is true, modules are re-compiled even if the timestamps are up to date.</p> <p>If <em>rx</em> is given, its <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">search</span></code> method is called on the complete path to each file considered for compilation, and if it returns a true value, the file is skipped. This can be used to exclude files matching a regular expression, given as a <a class="reference internal" href="re.html#re-objects"><span class="std std-ref">re.Pattern</span></a> object.</p> <p>If <em>quiet</em> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> (the default), the filenames and other information are printed to standard out. Set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code>, only errors are printed. Set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2</span></code>, all output is suppressed.</p> <p>If <em>legacy</em> is true, byte-code files are written to their legacy locations and names, which may overwrite byte-code files created by another version of Python. The default is to write files to their <span class="target" id="index-2"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://peps.python.org/pep-3147/"><strong>PEP 3147</strong></a> locations and names, which allows byte-code files from multiple versions of Python to coexist.</p> <p><em>optimize</em> specifies the optimization level for the compiler. It is passed to the built-in <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#compile" title="compile"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compile()</span></code></a> function. Accepts also a sequence of optimization levels which lead to multiple compilations of one <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.py</span></code> file in one call.</p> <p>The argument <em>workers</em> specifies how many workers are used to compile files in parallel. The default is to not use multiple workers. If the platform can’t use multiple workers and <em>workers</em> argument is given, then sequential compilation will be used as a fallback. If <em>workers</em> is 0, the number of cores in the system is used. If <em>workers</em> is lower than <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>, a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> will be raised.</p> <p><em>invalidation_mode</em> should be a member of the <a class="reference internal" href="py_compile.html#py_compile.PycInvalidationMode" title="py_compile.PycInvalidationMode"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">py_compile.PycInvalidationMode</span></code></a> enum and controls how the generated pycs are invalidated at runtime.</p> <p>The <em>stripdir</em>, <em>prependdir</em> and <em>limit_sl_dest</em> arguments correspond to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-s</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-p</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-e</span></code> options described above. They may be specified as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code> or <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.PathLike" title="os.PathLike"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.PathLike</span></code></a>.</p> <p>If <em>hardlink_dupes</em> is true and two <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.pyc</span></code> files with different optimization level have the same content, use hard links to consolidate duplicate files.</p> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.2: </span>Added the <em>legacy</em> and <em>optimize</em> parameter.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.5: </span>Added the <em>workers</em> parameter.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.5: </span><em>quiet</em> parameter was changed to a multilevel value.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.5: </span>The <em>legacy</em> parameter only writes out <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.pyc</span></code> files, not <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.pyo</span></code> files no matter what the value of <em>optimize</em> is.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.6: </span>Accepts a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-path-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">path-like object</span></a>.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.7: </span>The <em>invalidation_mode</em> parameter was added.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.7.2: </span>The <em>invalidation_mode</em> parameter’s default value is updated to None.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.8: </span>Setting <em>workers</em> to 0 now chooses the optimal number of cores.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.9: </span>Added <em>stripdir</em>, <em>prependdir</em>, <em>limit_sl_dest</em> and <em>hardlink_dupes</em> arguments. Default value of <em>maxlevels</em> was changed from <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">10</span></code> to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.getrecursionlimit()</span></code></p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="compileall.compile_file"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">compileall.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">compile_file</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fullname</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">ddir</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">force</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">rx</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">quiet</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">legacy</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">optimize</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">-1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">invalidation_mode</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">*</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">stripdir</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">prependdir</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">limit_sl_dest</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">hardlink_dupes</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#compileall.compile_file" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Compile the file with path <em>fullname</em>. Return a true value if the file compiled successfully, and a false value otherwise.</p> <p>If <em>ddir</em> is given, it is prepended to the path to the file being compiled for use in compilation time tracebacks, and is also compiled in to the byte-code file, where it will be used in tracebacks and other messages in cases where the source file does not exist at the time the byte-code file is executed.</p> <p>If <em>rx</em> is given, its <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">search</span></code> method is passed the full path name to the file being compiled, and if it returns a true value, the file is not compiled and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> is returned. This can be used to exclude files matching a regular expression, given as a <a class="reference internal" href="re.html#re-objects"><span class="std std-ref">re.Pattern</span></a> object.</p> <p>If <em>quiet</em> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> (the default), the filenames and other information are printed to standard out. Set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code>, only errors are printed. Set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2</span></code>, all output is suppressed.</p> <p>If <em>legacy</em> is true, byte-code files are written to their legacy locations and names, which may overwrite byte-code files created by another version of Python. The default is to write files to their <span class="target" id="index-3"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://peps.python.org/pep-3147/"><strong>PEP 3147</strong></a> locations and names, which allows byte-code files from multiple versions of Python to coexist.</p> <p><em>optimize</em> specifies the optimization level for the compiler. It is passed to the built-in <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#compile" title="compile"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compile()</span></code></a> function. Accepts also a sequence of optimization levels which lead to multiple compilations of one <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.py</span></code> file in one call.</p> <p><em>invalidation_mode</em> should be a member of the <a class="reference internal" href="py_compile.html#py_compile.PycInvalidationMode" title="py_compile.PycInvalidationMode"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">py_compile.PycInvalidationMode</span></code></a> enum and controls how the generated pycs are invalidated at runtime.</p> <p>The <em>stripdir</em>, <em>prependdir</em> and <em>limit_sl_dest</em> arguments correspond to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-s</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-p</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-e</span></code> options described above. They may be specified as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code> or <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.PathLike" title="os.PathLike"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.PathLike</span></code></a>.</p> <p>If <em>hardlink_dupes</em> is true and two <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.pyc</span></code> files with different optimization level have the same content, use hard links to consolidate duplicate files.</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.2.</span></p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.5: </span><em>quiet</em> parameter was changed to a multilevel value.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.5: </span>The <em>legacy</em> parameter only writes out <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.pyc</span></code> files, not <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.pyo</span></code> files no matter what the value of <em>optimize</em> is.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.7: </span>The <em>invalidation_mode</em> parameter was added.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.7.2: </span>The <em>invalidation_mode</em> parameter’s default value is updated to None.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.9: </span>Added <em>stripdir</em>, <em>prependdir</em>, <em>limit_sl_dest</em> and <em>hardlink_dupes</em> arguments.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="compileall.compile_path"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">compileall.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">compile_path</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">skip_curdir</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">True</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">maxlevels</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">force</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">quiet</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">legacy</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">optimize</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">-1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">invalidation_mode</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#compileall.compile_path" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Byte-compile all the <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.py</span></code> files found along <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></code>. Return a true value if all the files compiled successfully, and a false value otherwise.</p> <p>If <em>skip_curdir</em> is true (the default), the current directory is not included in the search. All other parameters are passed to the <a class="reference internal" href="#compileall.compile_dir" title="compileall.compile_dir"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compile_dir()</span></code></a> function. Note that unlike the other compile functions, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">maxlevels</span></code> defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>.</p> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.2: </span>Added the <em>legacy</em> and <em>optimize</em> parameter.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.5: </span><em>quiet</em> parameter was changed to a multilevel value.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.5: </span>The <em>legacy</em> parameter only writes out <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.pyc</span></code> files, not <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.pyo</span></code> files no matter what the value of <em>optimize</em> is.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.7: </span>The <em>invalidation_mode</em> parameter was added.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.7.2: </span>The <em>invalidation_mode</em> parameter’s default value is updated to None.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <p>To force a recompile of all the <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.py</span></code> files in the <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Lib/</span></code> subdirectory and all its subdirectories:</p> <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">compileall</span> <span class="n">compileall</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">compile_dir</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Lib/'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">force</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># Perform same compilation, excluding files in .svn directories.</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">re</span> <span class="n">compileall</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">compile_dir</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Lib/'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">rx</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">re</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">compile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">r</span><span class="s1">'[/</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s1">][.]svn'</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">force</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># pathlib.Path objects can also be used.</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">pathlib</span> <span class="n">compileall</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">compile_dir</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pathlib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Path</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Lib/'</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">force</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> </div> <div class="admonition seealso"> <p class="admonition-title">See also</p> <dl class="simple"> <dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="py_compile.html#module-py_compile" title="py_compile: Generate byte-code files from Python source files."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">py_compile</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>Byte-compile a single source file.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> </section> </section> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <div> <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table of Contents</a></h3> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compileall</span></code> — Byte-compile Python libraries</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#command-line-use">Command-line use</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#public-functions">Public functions</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="py_compile.html" title="previous chapter"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">py_compile</span></code> — Compile Python source files</a></p> </div> <div> <h4>Next topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="dis.html" title="next chapter"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dis</span></code> — Disassembler for Python bytecode</a></p> </div> <div role="note" aria-label="source link"> <h3>This Page</h3> <ul class="this-page-menu"> <li><a href="../bugs.html">Report a Bug</a></li> <li> <a 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